import java.util.Scanner;

/** This is a Java application that, given as input a name in the form
**  
**             <firstName> <middleName> <lastName>
**
**  (where each of the names is a non-empty sequence of non-space characters
**  and where whitespace (space, tab, or newline characters) is used for 
**  separating the components of the name), produces as output the same
**  name, but converted into the form
**
**             <lastName>, <firstName> <middleInitial>.
**
**  For example, provided as input
**
**             "Mary Barbara Smith"
**
**  the program will produce as output
**
**             "Smith, Mary B."
**
**  This version of the program illustrates how to use a Scanner object
**  to parse the input data (rather than searching for spaces using
**  String's indexOf() method).  The result is a more robust program
**  in that it produces the desired result even when the input string has
**  "extra" spaces in it. 
**
**  Author: R. McCloskey, Sept. 2013
*/

public class NameConversionViaScanner {

   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      // Declare symbolic constants for special characters.
      final char SPACE = ' ';
      final char COMMA = ',';
      final char PERIOD = '.';
      final char DOLLAR_SIGN = '$';

      // Create a Scanner that interprets input entered on the keyboard.
      Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);

      // Prompt the user to enter a name.
      System.out.print("Enter name (in format <first> <middle> <last>): ");

      // Read the user's response into a String.
      String name = keyboard.nextLine();

      // create a Scanner object that "reads from" the string referred
      // to by the 'name' variable.
      Scanner nameScanner = new Scanner(name);

      // The components of the name correspond to three "tokens"; read them.
      String firstName = nameScanner.next();
      String middleName = nameScanner.next();
      String lastName = nameScanner.next();

      // The middle initial is the zero-th character of middleName
      char midInit = middleName.charAt(0);

      // The string to be produced as output is obtained by concatenating
      // lastName, comma, etc., etc.
      String outName = lastName + COMMA + SPACE + firstName + SPACE + midInit + PERIOD;

      // Print a message that reports the input and output names.  Dollar
      // signs are shown on either side of each name for the purpose of
      // showing any leading and/or trailing spaces.
      System.out.println("Input name:  " + DOLLAR_SIGN + name + DOLLAR_SIGN);
      System.out.println("Output name: " + DOLLAR_SIGN + outName + DOLLAR_SIGN);
   }

}